Ngentsasa kaJanuwari 13, 2021, umatshini wokuqala wobunjineli be-maglev osebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomgca wovavanyo osebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqala beYunivesithi yaseSouthwest Jiaotong waqaliswa ngokusesikweni eChengdu, kwiPhondo laseSichuan, eTshayina. Uphawula impumelelo ukususela ekuqaleni kuphando lweprojekthi ye-maglev esebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu eTshayina kwaye ilizwe lethu linemiqathango yovavanyo lobunjineli kunye nemiboniso.
Ityala Lokuqala Ehlabathini; Yenza Umzekelo
Ukuqaliswa komgca wovavanyo lweteknoloji ye-superconducting magnetic levitation yobushushu obuphezulu yeyona yokuqala ehlabathini. Imele imveliso ekrelekrele yaseTshayina kwaye yenze umzekelo kwicandelo le-superconductivity yobushushu obuphezulu.
Itekhnoloji yesitimela se-maglev esiqhuba ubushushu obuphezulu ineengenelo zokungazinzi komthombo, ulwakhiwo olulula, ukonga amandla, ukungabikho kongcoliseko lweekhemikhali nengxolo, ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo, kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi. Luhlobo olutsha olufanelekileyo lokuthuthwa ngololiwe, olufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesantya, ngakumbi olufanelekileyo ekusebenzeni kwemigca yesantya esiphezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu; Le teknoloji yitekhnoloji yesitimela se-maglev esiqhuba ubushushu obuphezulu eneempawu zokuzimisa, ukuzikhokela, kunye nokuzinzisa. Yindlela entsha yokuthutha ngololiwe esemgangathweni ejongene nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye namathuba esicelo esibanzi. Le teknoloji yeyokuqala ukwenziwa kwindawo enomoya, kwaye ixabiso elilindelekileyo lesantya sokusebenza lingaphezulu kwe-600 km/h, okulindeleke ukuba lenze irekhodi elitsha lesantya sokuhamba komhlaba kwindawo enomoya.
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukudibanisa itekhnoloji yemibhobho ye-vacuum yexesha elizayo ukuze kuphuhliswe inkqubo yothutho ebanzi ezalisa izikhewu kwisantya sothutho lomhlaba kunye nesothutho lomoya, eya kubeka isiseko sempumelelo yexesha elide kwisantya esingaphezulu kwe-1000 km/h, ngaloo ndlela kwakhiwe imodeli entsha yothutho lomhlaba. Utshintsho olujonge phambili noluphazamisayo kuphuhliso lwezothutho lukaloliwe.
△ Iinguqulelo Zexesha Elizayo △
Itekhnoloji yeMagnetic Levitation
Okwangoku, kukho iitekhnoloji ezintathu "ze-super magnetic levitation" ehlabathini.
Itekhnoloji ye-electromagnetic levitation eJamani:
Umgaqo we-electromagnetic usetyenziselwa ukuqonda ukutsalwa kwe-levitation phakathi kololiwe kunye nomzila. Okwangoku, uloliwe we-maglev waseShanghai, uloliwe we-maglev osakhiwayo eChangsha naseBeijing zonke zikwilo loliwe.
Itekhnoloji yaseJapan yokuqhuba i-superconducting magnetic levitation ngobushushu obuphantsi:
Sebenzisa iipropati ze-superconducting zezinto ezithile kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi (ezipholileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi--269°C nge-helium engamanzi) ukwenza isitimela sihambe, njengomgca we-maglev weShinkansen eJapan.
Itekhnoloji ye-levitation ye-magnetic superconducting yobushushu obuphezulu yaseTshayina:
Lo mgaqo ufana kakhulu nowe-superconductivity yobushushu obuphantsi, kodwa ubushushu bayo bokusebenza buyi--196°C.
Kwizilingo zangaphambili, olu phawu lwemagnethi kwilizwe lethu alunakumiswa kuphela kodwa lunokunqunyanyiswa.
△ I-nitrogen engamanzi kunye nee-superconductors △
Iingenelo zeSitimela seMaglev esiqhuba ubushushu obuphezulu
Ukonga amandla:Ukuhambisa umoya kunye nesikhokelo akudingi ulawulo olusebenzayo okanye umbane wesithuthi, kwaye inkqubo ilula kakhulu. Ukumiswa kunye nesikhokelo kufuneka kupholiswe kuphela nge-nitrogen engamanzi engabizi kakhulu (77 K), kwaye i-78% yomoya yi-nitrogen.
Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo:I-levitation yemagnethi eqhuba ubushushu obuphezulu inokuba yi-levitation ngokwe-static, ngaphandle kwengxolo; umkhondo wemagnethi osisigxina uvelisa i-static magnetic field, kwaye i-magnetic field kwindawo apho abakhweli bachukumisa khona ayilutho, kwaye akukho ngcoliseko ye-electromagnetic.
Isantya esiphezulu:Ukuphakama kwe-levitation (10 ~ 30 mm) kunokuyilwa njengoko kufuneka, kwaye kungasetyenziselwa ukubaleka ukusuka kwi-static ukuya kwi-low, medium, high speed kunye ne-ultra-high speed. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiteknoloji ze-magnetic levitation, ifanelekile ngakumbi ekuthuthweni kwemibhobho ye-vacuum (ngaphezulu kwe-1000 km/h).
Ukhuseleko:Amandla okuphakamisa i-levation ayanda ngokukhawuleza xa kuncipha ukuphakama kwe-levation, kwaye ukhuseleko lokusebenza lungaqinisekiswa ngaphandle kolawulo kwicala elithe nkqo. Inkqubo yolwalathiso oluzinzayo inokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwicala elithe tye.
Intuthuzelo:"Amandla okubamba" akhethekileyo e-superconductor yobushushu obuphezulu agcina umzimba wemoto uzinzile phezulu nasezantsi, nto leyo ezinzileyo ekunzima ukuba nayiphi na imoto ikwazi ukuyenza. Oko abakhweli bakuvayo xa bekhwela "kukuziva bengenamvakalelo".
Ixabiso eliphantsi lokusebenza:Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zaseJamani ezisebenzisa i-magnetic levitation ezihlala ziqhuba kunye nezithuthi zaseJapan ezisebenzisa i-superconducting magnetic levitation ezisebenzisa i-helium engamanzi, ineengenelo zobunzima obulula, ulwakhiwo olulula, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa nokusebenza.
Ukusetyenziswa kweNitrogen engamanzi ngokweSayensi nangobuchwephesha
Ngenxa yeempawu zee-superconductors, i-superconductor kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo ene-nitrogen engamanzi kwi--196℃ ngexesha lokusebenza.
I-levitation ye-magnetic superconducting yobushushu obuphezulu yitekhnoloji esebenzisa iimpawu ze-magnetic flux pinning zezinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-superconducting bulk zobushushu obuphezulu ukuze kufezekiswe i-levitation ezinzileyo ngaphandle kolawulo olusebenzayo.
Ilori yokuzalisa iNitrogen engamanzi
Ilori yokuzalisa i-nitrogen engamanzi yimveliso eyilwe kwaye yaphuhliswa yiSichuan Haishengjie Cryogenic Technology Co., Ltd. yeprojekthi ye-maglev eqhuba ubushushu obuphezulu. Yinto ephambili kwi-maglev technology-Dewar supplement liquid nitrogen.
△ Ukusetyenziswa kwelori yokuzalisa iNitrogen engamanzi △
Uyilo oluhambayo, umsebenzi wokuzalisa i-nitrogen engamanzi unokufezekiswa ngqo ecaleni kwesitimela.
Inkqubo yokuzalisa i-nitrogen engamanzi ezenzekelayo ingabonelela ngee-dewars ezi-6 nge-nitrogen engamanzi ngaxeshanye.
Inkqubo yolawulo oluzimeleyo oluneendlela ezintandathu, izibuko ngalinye lokugcwalisa linokulawulwa ngokwalo.
Ukhuseleko oluphantsi koxinzelelo, khusela ingaphakathi leDewar ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzalisa kwakhona.
Ukhuseleko lwe-voltage yokhuseleko lwe-24V.
Itanki yokubonelela ngezinto ezizixinzeleleyo
Yitanki yokubonelela eyazixinzelela ngokwayo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa kwaye yenzelwe ukugcina i-nitrogen engamanzi. Ibisoloko isekelwe kwisakhiwo soyilo esikhuselekileyo, umgangatho ogqwesileyo wokwenziwa kunye neentsuku zokugcina i-nitrogen engamanzi ixesha elide.
△ Uthotho lwezongezo zeNitrogen yolwelo △
△ Ukusetyenziswa kwetanki yokuhambisa eyazixinzelelayo △
Iprojekthi iyaqhubeka
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, sisebenze neengcali ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseSouthwest Jiaotong
Ndenze uphando olulandelayo lweprojekthi ye-maglev eqhuba i-superconducting ephezulu yobushushu obuphezulu
△ Indawo yeSemina △
Sinebhongo kakhulu ngokukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi wobuvulindlela ngeli xesha. Kwixesha elizayo, siza kuqhubeka nokusebenzisana nomsebenzi wophando olandelayo wale projekthi ukuze senze lonke inyathelo elinokwenzeka kulo msebenzi wobuvulindlela.
Siyakholwa
Isayensi netekhnoloji yaseTshayina ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuphumelela
Ikamva laseTshayina lizele zizinto ezilindelweyo
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-13-2021
