I-nitrogen engamanzi (LN2) idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi lobuchwepheshe bokuzala obuncediswayo, njengearhente ebangela i-cryogenic yokugcina izinto ezixabisekileyo zebhayoloji, ezinje ngamaqanda, isidoda, kunye neembumba. Ibonelela ngamaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ukuthembeka kweseli, i-LN2 iqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kwezi sampuli zithambileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphatha i-LN2 kubeka imingeni eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yobushushu bayo obubandayo kakhulu, izinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye neengozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokufuduka kweoksijini. Joyina nathi njengoko sijonga amanyathelo okhuseleko abalulekileyo kunye neendlela ezilungileyo ezifunekayo ukugcina indawo ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo yokugcina i-cryo, ukukhusela abasebenzi, kunye nekamva lonyango lokuzala.
Isisombululo sokugcina i-Haier Biomedical Liquid Nitrogen
Ukunciphisa iingozi ekusebenzeni kwegumbi elinomoya obandayo
Kukho iingozi ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokuphathwa kwe-LN2, kubandakanya ukuqhuma, ukufutha umoya, kunye nokutsha okubangelwa yi-cryogenic. Ekubeni umlinganiselo wokwandiswa komthamo we-LN2 umalunga ne-1:700 - oko kuthetha ukuba ilitha e-1 ye-LN2 iya kuphuma umphunga ukuze ivelise malunga neelitha ezingama-700 zegesi ye-nitrogen - kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo olukhulu xa kuphathwa iibhotile zeglasi; iqamza le-nitrogen lingaqhekeza iglasi, lidale iziqwenga ezinokubangela ukwenzakala. Ukongeza, i-LN2 inobuninzi bomphunga obumalunga ne-0.97, oko kuthetha ukuba ayixinene kangako kunomoya kwaye iya kuhlangana kumgangatho womhlaba xa ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu. Oku kuqokelelana kubangela ingozi yokufutha umoya kwiindawo ezivalekileyo, kunciphisa inqanaba leoksijini emoyeni. Iingozi zokufutha umoya ziqiniswa ngakumbi kukukhululwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-LN2 ukuze kudale amafu enkungu yomphunga. Ukuvezwa kulo mphunga ubandayo kakhulu, ngakumbi eluswini okanye emehlweni - nokuba lixesha elifutshane - kunokukhokelela ekutshisweni ngumkhuhlane, iqabaka, umonakalo wezicubu okanye umonakalo wamehlo ongunaphakade.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zoKwenza
Yonke ikliniki yokuzala kufuneka yenze uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lomngcipheko malunga nokusebenza kwegumbi layo elibangela ukudumba. Ingcebiso malunga nendlela yokwenza olu vavanyo inokufumaneka kwiincwadi zeKhowudi zokuSebenza (CP) ezivela kwiBritish Compressed Gases Association.1 Ngokukodwa, i-CP36 iluncedo ekucebiseni ngokugcinwa kweegesi ezibangela ukudumba kwindawo, kwaye i-CP45 inika isikhokelo kuyilo lwegumbi lokugcina izinto ezibangela ukudumba.[2,3]
Uyilo lwe-NO.1
Indawo efanelekileyo yegumbi elinomoya obandayo yileyo inika ukufikelela okukhulu. Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo indawo yokugcina isikhongozeli se-LN2, njengoko kuya kufuneka sizaliswe ngesitya esinoxinzelelo. Okona kulungileyo kukuba, isikhongozeli sokuhambisa i-nitrogen engamanzi kufuneka sibe ngaphandle kwegumbi lokugcina isampuli, kwindawo enomoya opholileyo kwaye ekhuselekileyo. Kwizisombululo zokugcina ezinkulu, isikhongozeli sokuhambisa sidla ngokudityaniswa ngqo nesikhongozeli sokuhambisa ngepayipi yokudlulisa i-crystal. Ukuba uyilo lwesakhiwo aluvumeli isikhongozeli sokuhambisa ukuba sibe ngaphandle, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo olongezelelweyo ngexesha lokuphathwa kwe-nitrogen engamanzi, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha lomngcipheko, oluquka iinkqubo zokubeka esweni kunye nokukhupha.
Umoya we-NO.2
Onke amagumbi angena umoya kufuneka abe nomoya ococekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha umoya ukuthintela ukwakheka kwegesi ye-nitrogen kunye nokukhusela ekuncipheni komoya-mpilo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufutha umoya. Inkqubo enjalo kufuneka ifaneleke kwigesi ebandayo engabonakaliyo, kwaye idityaniswe nenkqubo yokujonga ukuncipha komoya-mpilo ukuze ibone xa inqanaba le-oxygen lihla ngaphantsi kwe-19.5 ekhulwini, apho kuya kuqala ukunyuka kwesantya sokutshintshiselana komoya. Iipayipi zokukhupha umoya kufuneka zibekwe kumgangatho ophantsi ngelixa izinzwa zokunciphisa umoya kufuneka zibekwe malunga nemitha e-1 ngaphezulu komgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, indawo echanekileyo kufuneka igqitywe emva kophando oluneenkcukacha lwendawo, njengoko izinto ezinje ngobukhulu begumbi kunye noyilo ziya kuchaphazela indawo efanelekileyo. I-alamu yangaphandle kufuneka ifakwe ngaphandle kwegumbi, inike izilumkiso zesandi kunye nezokubona ukubonisa xa kungakhuselekanga ukungena.
Ukhuseleko lomntu ongu-NO.3
Ezinye iikliniki zinokukhetha ukuxhobisa abasebenzi ngeemonitha zomoya-mpilo kwaye zisebenzise inkqubo yomhlobo apho abantu baya kungena kuphela kwigumbi elinomoya-mpilo ngababini, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha umntu omnye ahlala ngalo kwigumbi nangaliphi na ixesha. Luxanduva lwenkampani ukuqeqesha abasebenzi kwinkqubo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kunye nezixhobo zayo kwaye uninzi lukhetha ukuba abasebenzi bathathe izifundo zokhuseleko lwe-nitrogen kwi-intanethi. Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (PPE) ukukhusela ukutsha okubangelwa yi-cryogenic, kubandakanya ukhuseleko lwamehlo, iiglavu/iigauntlets, izihlangu ezifanelekileyo, kunye nejakethi yelabhoratri. Kubalulekile ukuba bonke abasebenzi bafumane uqeqesho loncedo lokuqala malunga nendlela yokujongana nokutsha okubangelwa yi-cryogenic, kwaye kulungile ukuba kubekho amanzi afudumeleyo kufutshane ukuze kuhlanjwe ulusu ukuba kukho ukutsha.
Ulondolozo lwe-NO.4
Isitya esixinzelelweyo kunye nesikhongozeli se-LN2 azinazo izinto ezihambayo, oko kuthetha ukuba ishedyuli yolondolozo yonyaka esisiseko yiyo kuphela efunekayo. Ngaphakathi koku, imeko yepayipi ecryogenic kufuneka ihlolwe, kunye naluphi na utshintsho olufunekayo lweevalvu zokukhulula ukhuseleko. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqhubeke bejonga ukuba akukho ndawo zokuqandisa - nokuba kwisikhongozeli okanye kwisitya sokutya - okunokubonisa ingxaki nge-vacuum. Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo zonke ezi zinto, kunye neshedyuli yokulungisa rhoqo, iinqanawa ezixinzelelweyo zinokuhlala iminyaka engama-20.
Isiphelo
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwegumbi lokugcina i-cryo kwikliniki yokuzala apho kusetyenziswa khona i-LN2 kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona le bhlog ichaze izinto ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko, kubalulekile ukuba ikliniki nganye yenze uvavanyo lwayo lwangaphakathi lomngcipheko ukuze ijongane neemfuno ezithile kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Ukusebenzisana nababoneleli abaziingcali kwizikhongozeli zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, ezifana neHaier Biomedical, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-cryostorage ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo. Ngokubeka phambili ukhuseleko, ukunamathela kwiindlela ezilungileyo, kunye nokusebenzisana neengcali ezithembekileyo, iikliniki zokuzala zinokugcina indawo ekhuselekileyo yokugcina i-cryo, zikhusela abasebenzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zokuzala ezixabisekileyo.
Iireferensi
1. IiKhowudi zokuSebenza - BCGA. Ifikelelwe nge-18 kaMeyi 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/pubcat/codes-of-practice/
2. IKhowudi yoMsebenzi 45: Iinkqubo zokugcina i-biomedical cryogenic. Uyilo kunye nokusebenza. IBritish Compressed Gases Association. Ipapashwe kwi-intanethi ngo-2021. Ifikelelwe ngoMeyi 18, 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/wp-
3.umxholo/ukulayisha/2021/11/BCGA-CP-45-Original-05-11-2021.pdf
4. Umgaqo wokusebenza 36: Ugcino lolwelo oluyi-cryogenic kwiindawo zabasebenzisi. IBritish Compressed Gases Association. Ipapashwe kwi-intanethi ngo-2013. Ifikelelwe ngoMeyi 18, 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CP36.pdf
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-01-2024
